{"id":14559,"date":"2021-04-13T17:19:57","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T15:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?p=14559"},"modified":"2021-08-09T14:25:41","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T12:25:41","slug":"un-voilier-nomme-velella","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html","title":{"rendered":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Image de couverture : Unconventional Mermaid: Portuguese Man o\u2019 War. Auteure : MayContainBirdseed. Source : <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deviantart.com\/maycontainbirdseed\" target=\"_blank\">Deviantart<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Traduit par Marc Long<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;hiver, la nouvelle annon\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00e9chouage de milliers de \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9duses\u00a0\u00bb sur les plages galiciennes a fait \u00e9cho dans la presse et sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019\u00e9chouages de <strong><em>Velella velella<\/em><\/strong> mais aussi <strong><em>Physalia physalis<\/em><\/strong>. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 leur apparence de m\u00e9duses, il s&rsquo;agit en fait de colonies d\u2019organismes et non de m\u00e9duses individuelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em><strong><em>Velella <\/em>et <em>Physalia <\/em>sont des cnidaires de la classe des hydrozoaires.<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mapvelella.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mapvelella.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14561\" width=\"333\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mapvelella.jpg 691w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mapvelella-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mapvelella-450x376.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Distribution de <em>Velella velella <\/em>en Europe. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mer-littoral.org\/05\/velella-velella.php\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.mer-littoral.org\/05\/velella-velella.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mer et Littoral<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong><em>Velella velella<\/em><\/strong>, commune sur ces c\u00f4tes espagnoles, est populairement connue sous le nom de v\u00e9lelles (veleiri\u00f1os ou encore \u00ab\u00a0<em>medusa velero<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb en espagnol). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En Europe, elles sont plus abondantes en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, dans l&rsquo;ouest de la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique, en France et au Royaume-Uni (\u00ab\u00a0by-the-wind sailor\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab marin au gr\u00e9 des vents \u00bb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Port\u00e9es par les vents et les courants, leurs invasions de plages, peuvent former des images spectaculaires avec des millions d&rsquo;individus le long de la c\u00f4te ouest de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, en Italie ou m\u00eame en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande. Sur les plages de Ligurie (Italie), on a compt\u00e9 entre 20.000 et 120.000 colonies\/m<sup>2<\/sup> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14375\" class=\"wp-image-14375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg 880w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3e17bec7-977c-4355-8e1b-67f8e3f9637b_16-9-aspect-ratio_default_0-450x253.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"><em>Velella velella <\/em>sur la plage de Samil, mars 2017 (Vigo). Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.farodevigo.es\/gran-vigo\/2017\/03\/07\/plaga-medusas-velero-tine-playa-16368952.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.farodevigo.es\/gran-vigo\/2017\/03\/07\/plaga-medusas-velero-tine-playa-16368952.html\" target=\"_blank\">Faro de Vigo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"754\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14492\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?attachment_id=14492\" class=\"wp-image-14492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA.jpg 754w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA-705x529.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/stranded-Velella-NOAA-450x338.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Milions de <em>Velella velella<\/em> dans le Pacifique, pr\u00e8s de La Push (Washington). Auteur : NOAA. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/invasion-of-the-strange-sailor-jellyfish-what-are-they-and-will-they-sting-us-31131\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/invasion-of-the-strange-sailor-jellyfish-what-are-they-and-will-they-sting-us-31131\" target=\"_blank\">Theconversation<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"758\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-1030x758.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14512\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?attachment_id=14512\" class=\"wp-image-14512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-1030x758.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-768x565.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-705x519.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7-450x331.jpg 450w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/G21HY7.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"><em>Velella velella<\/em> (Sardaigne, Italie; 31-III-2015). Auteur: R. H\u00f6lzl. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alamy.com\/stock-photo-sea-rafts-velella-velella-countless-animals-stranded-after-a-storm-104527563.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.alamy.com\/stock-photo-sea-rafts-velella-velella-countless-animals-stranded-after-a-storm-104527563.html\" target=\"_blank\">Alamy<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le deuxi\u00e8me envahisseur, <em>Physalia physalis<\/em> (un peu moins commun ici), est pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 de sa renomm\u00e9e et de son surnom: Man o&rsquo;War portugais (\u00ab\u00a0Gal\u00e8re portugaise\u00a0\u00bb en fran\u00e7ais). Les v\u00e9lelles et les Physalies sont toutes deux bleues gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des pigments carot\u00e9no\u00efdes (astaxanthine) obtenus de leurs proies. Ils servent \u00e0 les prot\u00e9ger des rayons UV et \u00e0 se camoufler de pr\u00e9dateurs tels que les oiseaux, les tortues et les poissons. <em>Malgr\u00e9 leurs couleurs similaires ces deux organismes pr\u00e9sentent des diff\u00e9rences importantes comme nous allons le voir&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les <strong>v\u00e9lelles<\/strong> ne sont pas dangereuses pour toi (ni pour ton chien qui se prom\u00e8ne sur la plage), mais elles ont quand m\u00eame des cellules urticantes et il n&rsquo;y a aucune raison d\u2019aller v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019elles piquent bien. Elles sont plus petites que les Physalies et se distinguent par leur \u201cvoile\u201d sur la partie a\u00e9rienne (contrairement aux gal\u00e8res portugaises qui, elles, ont un flotteur).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il n&rsquo;est pas conseill\u00e9 de toucher l\u2019une ou l&rsquo;autre, et si vous voyez le flotteur d&rsquo;une <em>Physalia<\/em>, ne pensez m\u00eame pas \u00e0 aller v\u00e9rifier que ce que je vous dis est vrai. Dans certains cas, leur piq\u00fbre peut \u00eatre grave. Elles peuvent provoquer des lac\u00e9rations de la peau et, au minimum, <em>elles vous laisseront une douleur persistante et g\u00eanante.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heureusement, l&rsquo;\u00e9chouage de ces hydrozoaires se produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en dehors de la saison estivale et le risque d&rsquo;une mauvaise rencontre est relativement faible. Mais faites attention si vous les rencontrez sur la plage. Leur couleur bleue est attirante mais&#8230; On ne touche pas !!!<em>                  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le nouveau projet scientifique collaboratif <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/diversimar.cesga.es\/\" target=\"_blank\">DIVERSIMAR (IEO)<\/a> a signal\u00e9 son arriv\u00e9e en janvier, et fournit une description compl\u00e8te de <em>Physalia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Estes d\u00edas de ventos con compo\u00f1ente Norte e Oeste est\u00e1n aparecendo nas praias as \u201cCarabelas portuguesas\u201d. Son temidas polos ba\u00f1istas e pescadores pola sua perigosa picadura. Apareceron polas costas do arco \u00c1rtabro e a da foto nola env\u00eda Marti\u00f1o dende Praia das Furnas en PO\ud83d\udc47\ud83c\udffb&gt;f\u00edo <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/kztz2YGGbk\">pic.twitter.com\/kztz2YGGbk<\/a><\/p>&mdash; diversimar (@diversimar) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/diversimar\/status\/1345847693432774659?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 3, 2021<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u201cAvec des vents de Nord et d\u2019Ouest les \u00ab\u00a0Gal\u00e8res portugaises\u00a0\u00bb apparaissent sur les plages galiciennes. Elles sont craintes par les baigneurs et les p\u00eacheurs en raison de leur piq\u00fbre dangereuse. Elles sont apparues le long des c\u00f4tes de l&rsquo;arc \u00c1rtabro et la photo a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e par Marti\u00f1o de Praia das Furnas en Pontevedra.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rogelio Santos Queiruga (@QueirugaRogelio), un p\u00eacheur et vulgarisateur que je vous recommande de suivre sur twitter, a post\u00e9 une vid\u00e9o en indiquant que c&rsquo;\u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re fois qu&rsquo;il voyait \u00e7a. <em>Quatre heures apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;avoir touch\u00e9, il sentait encore la piq\u00fbre dans ses doigts<\/em>. La curiosit\u00e9 prend souvent le dessus, mais dans ce cas, <em>on ne touche pas<\/em> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Hoxe entrounos nas redes unha pequena medusa &quot; carabela portuguesa &quot;. \u00c9 a primeira vez que a vexo e a ignorancia f\u00edxome tocala e que me tocara cos filamentos urticantes. Fai 4 horas e sigo tendo a sensaci\u00f3n nos dedos da picadura dunha ortiga.  Coidado con elas !!! <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/cuj0hofKRD\">pic.twitter.com\/cuj0hofKRD<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Rogelio Santos Queiruga (@QueirugaRogelio) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/QueirugaRogelio\/status\/1344647200991801344?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 31, 2020<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u00ab\u00a0Aujourd&rsquo;hui nous avons trouv\u00e9 dans nos filets une petite m\u00e9duse \u00ab\u00a0Gal\u00e8re portugaise\u00a0\u00bb. C&rsquo;est la premi\u00e8re fois que je le vois et mon ignorance m&rsquo;a fait toucher ses filaments urticants. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait il y a 4 heures et je sens encore la piq\u00fbre d&rsquo;une ortie dans mes doigts. M\u00e9fiez-vous d&rsquo;elles !!!\u00a0\u00bb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En plus de leur aspect et de leur venin, il y a autre chose qui distingue les <em>v\u00e9lelles<\/em> des <em>gal\u00e8res portuguaises<\/em>. Un d\u00e9tail qui n&rsquo;est pas perceptible \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu mais qui nous int\u00e9resse tout particuli\u00e8rement dans ce blog. <em>Velella<\/em> abrite des dinoflagell\u00e9s symbiotiques alors que <em>Physalia <\/em>n&rsquo;en abrite apparemment pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les informations sur l\u2019\u00e9cologie de <em>Velella<\/em> sont limit\u00e9es, mais le zooplancton (\u0153ufs de poisson, cop\u00e9podes, cladoc\u00e8res, larves d&rsquo;invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, etc.) et les symbiotes dinoflagell\u00e9s semblent jouer un r\u00f4le essentiel dans leur alimentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La relation entre <em>Velella<\/em> et ses symbiotes rappelle celles que poss\u00e8dent d&rsquo;autres cnidaires comme les anthozoaires, notamment les an\u00e9mones et les polypes formant des r\u00e9cifs (associ\u00e9s par exemple \u00e0 des dinoflagell\u00e9s du genre <em>Symbiodinium<\/em>). <em>Avec Velella, ces symbiotes voyagent et parcourent le monde<\/em>&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>O\u00f9 sont les dinoflagell\u00e9s de <em>Velella<\/em> et qui sont-ils ???<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A la question de \u00ab\u00a0o\u00f9 sont-ils ?\u00a0\u00bb je r\u00e9pondrai qu&rsquo;ils sont dans le tissu endodermique des gonophores (individus m\u00e9duso\u00efdes qui vivent dans la colonie formant des grappes sur les branches g\u00e9nitales ou gonozoaires). \u00c0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de l&rsquo;h\u00f4te, les symbiotes ont une forme arrondie, ce sont de <strong>petites boules dor\u00e9es appel\u00e9s<\/strong> \u201c<strong>zooxanthelles\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14514\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?attachment_id=14514\" class=\"wp-image-14514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728.jpg 728w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728-705x529.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/cnidarios-17-728-450x338.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Anatomie de <em>Velella velella<\/em>. Auteur: Jos\u00e9 Castellanos. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/es.slideshare.net\/ppcasteya\/cnidarios-8790666\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/es.slideshare.net\/ppcasteya\/cnidarios-8790666\" target=\"_blank\">Slideshare<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/symbiont_velella_28-02-17_4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/symbiont_velella_28-02-17_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14513\" class=\"wp-image-14513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/symbiont_velella_28-02-17_4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/symbiont_velella_28-02-17_4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/symbiont_velella_28-02-17_4-450x338.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Endosymbiotes de <em>Velella velella<\/em>. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphotomarine.com\/myzozoa_symbiont_velella_04-06-14.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.aphotomarine.com\/myzozoa_symbiont_velella_04-06-14.html\" target=\"_blank\">aphotomarine<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question \u00ab\u00a0qui sont-ils\u00a0\u00bb ?, je vais devoir vous raconter une histoire qui remonte \u00e0 une centaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les symbiotes de <em>Velella velella<\/em> isol\u00e9s en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s <em>Endodinium chattonii<\/em> en 1922, puis ils ont chang\u00e9 de genre. En 1924 ils \u00e9taient identifi\u00e9s comme <em>Zooxanthella<\/em>, puis en 1971 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s comme <em>Amphidinium<\/em> et enfin <em><strong>Scrippsiella chattonii<\/strong> <\/em>en 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce dernier travail <strong>(Banaszak et al. 1993)<\/strong>, les symbiotes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9 et cultiv\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en dehors de leur h\u00f4te. Les auteurs de ce travail ont observ\u00e9 qu&rsquo;en culture, les symbiotes alternaient d\u2019une forme de cellules rondes \u00e0 une autre forme de cellules motiles recouvertes de plaques de cellulose. Et ils l\u2019ont identifi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant <em><strong>Scrippsiella velellae<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14518\" width=\"709\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella.jpg 941w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella-300x106.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella-768x271.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella-705x249.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/banaszakscrippsiella-450x159.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Scrippsiella velellae.<\/em> Source: Banaszak et coll. (1993).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette description concernait les symbiotes de <em>Velella velella<\/em> du Pacifique et ne correspondait pas exactement \u00e0 ceux d\u00e9crits chez la v\u00e9lelle m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne. On a donc attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ces symbiotes le nom de <em><strong>Scrippsiella chattonii<\/strong><\/em>. Bien sur, aucune des deux descriptions n&rsquo;incluait d\u2019identification g\u00e9n\u00e9tique&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8230;et le seul travail avec des analyses de s\u00e9quences g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques n&rsquo;inclut pas la morphologie. Cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des symbiotes de <em>Velella<\/em> dans la mer des Sargasses <strong>(Gast &amp; Caron 1996)<\/strong> et ces r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9s des ann\u00e9es plus tard en concluant que la s\u00e9quence d&rsquo;ADNr 18S correspondait \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres s\u00e9quences. Et ces s\u00e9quences appartenaient \u00e0 un nouveau genre de symbiote chez les radiolaires : <em>Brandtodinium<\/em> <strong>(Probert et al. 2014)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Maintenant, voyons si nous pouvons d\u00e9m\u00ealer le noeud&#8230;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon cette hypoth\u00e8se, <em>Velella velella<\/em> aurait la capacit\u00e9 de s&rsquo;associer \u00e0 <em>Brandtodinium<\/em> et <em>Scrippsiella<\/em> pour \u00e9tablir une relation symbiotique. Et <em>Brandtodinium<\/em> serait \u00e9galement le dinoflagell\u00e9 symbiote de plusieurs groupes taxonomiques des radiolaires (Collodaria, Nassellaria et Spumellaria) selon <strong>Probert et ses collaborateurs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les illustrations de radiolaires <strong>d&rsquo;Ernst Haeckel (1862)<\/strong> incluaient ces ordres et ses repr\u00e9sentations concernaient \u00e9galement <strong>les zooxanthelles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-708x1030.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"708\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-708x1030.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14496\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?attachment_id=14496\" class=\"wp-image-14496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-708x1030.jpg 708w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-768x1117.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-485x705.jpg 485w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33-450x654.jpg 450w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_33.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Radiolaires (<em>Sphaerozoum<\/em>). Figure 33 de E. Haeckel. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/haeckel\/radiolarien\/\" target=\"_blank\">biolib.de<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-716x1030.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14497\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/?attachment_id=14497\" class=\"wp-image-14497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-716x1030.jpg 716w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-768x1104.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-490x705.jpg 490w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34-450x647.jpg 450w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_34.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Radiolaires (<em>Collosphaera<\/em>). Figure 34 de E. Haeckel. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/haeckel\/radiolarien\/\" target=\"_blank\">biolib.de<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-705x1030.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"705\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-705x1030.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"14348\" class=\"wp-image-14348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-705x1030.jpg 705w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-768x1121.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-483x705.jpg 483w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35-450x657.jpg 450w, https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Tafel_35.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Radiolaires (<em>Collozoum inerme<\/em>). Figure 35 de E. Haeckel. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/haeckel\/radiolarien\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/haeckel\/radiolarien\/\" target=\"_blank\">biolib.de<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette habitude d&rsquo;appeler zooxanthelle tout symbiote dor\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent chez les organismes marins (dinoflagell\u00e9s ou non) a conduit \u00e0 deux reprises \u00e0 proposer l&rsquo;annulation du genre <em>Zooxanthella<\/em>, justifiant la cr\u00e9ation du genre <em>Brandtodinium<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, le succ\u00e8s familier et l&rsquo;impr\u00e9cision du terme <strong>zooxanthelle<\/strong> n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas des raisons suffisantes pour invalider le genre <em>Zooxanthella<\/em> (d\u00e9crit par Karl Brandt en 1882). Ainsi, le genre <em>Brandtodinium<\/em> n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas retenu et les endosymbiotes de <em>Velella velella<\/em> appartiennent toujours aux esp\u00e8ces <strong><em>Scrippsiella velellae<\/em> et <em>S. chattonii<\/em> (Guiry &amp; Andersen 2018)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La description de <em>S. chattonii<\/em> \u00e9tait \u00e9galement incorrecte, mais uniquement en raison de probl\u00e8mes techniques r\u00e9solus en 2018. Ses auteurs ont omis le basonyme (nom scientifique sous lequel il \u00e9tait initialement nomm\u00e9: <em>Endodinium chattonii<\/em>), n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 selon l&rsquo;art. 41.5 du Code international de nomenclature botanique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>J&rsquo;esp\u00e8re que je ne vous ai pas perdus avec tant de rebondissements.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour \u00eatre clair: les d\u00e9bats sur les noms scientifiques passionnent les taxonomistes et <em>je dirais que ce d\u00e9bat n&rsquo;est pas encore tout \u00e0 fait termin\u00e9<\/em>. Donc si quelqu&rsquo;un vous demande quels sont les symbiotes de <em>Velella velella<\/em>, r\u00e9pondez qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de dinoflagell\u00e9s ou de zooxanthelles et <em>vous ne vous tromperez pas<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parce que <strong><em>Scrippsiella velellae<\/em><\/strong> ainsi que les autres esp\u00e8ces de <em>Zooxanthella, Symbiodinium<\/em> et les nouveaux genres de dinoflagell\u00e9s symbiotes comme <em>Breviolum, Effrenium, Fugacium<\/em>, etc. sont et seront toujours des zooxanthelles ! Et c\u2019est ainsi que se termine cette histoire. <em>Color\u00edn, colorado, este cuento se ha acabado<\/em>\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Remerciements:<\/strong> Merci \u00e0 Natalia Llopis Monferrer pour l\u2019aide \u00e0 la traduction de l\u2019article !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Banaszak A.T. y col. <em>Scrippsiella velellae<\/em> sp. nov. (Peridiniales) and <em>Gloeodinium viscum<\/em> sp. nov (Phytodiniales), dinoflagellate symbionts of hydrozoans (Cnidaria). J. Phycol. 29:517-28. (1993).<\/li><li>Betti F.B. y col. Massive strandings of <em>Velella velella<\/em> (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Porpitidae) in the Ligurian Sea (North-western Mediterranean Sea). Eur. Zool. J. 86: 343-353. (2019).<\/li><li>Guiry M.D. &amp; Andersen R.A. Validation of the generic name <em>Symbiodinium <\/em>(Dinophyceae, Suessiaceae) revisited and the reinstatement of <em>Zooxanthella <\/em>K.Brandt. Notulae Algarum 58:1-5. (2018).<\/li><li>Lopes A.R. y col. \u201cGone with the wind\u201d: Fatty acid biomarkers and chemotaxonomy of stranded pleustonic hydrozoans (<em>Velella velella<\/em> and <em>Physalia physalis<\/em>). Biochem. Sist. Ecol. 66:297-306 (2016).<\/li><li>Probert I. y col. (2014). <em>Brandtodinium <\/em>gen. nov. and <em>B. nutricula <\/em>comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a dinoflagellate commonly found in symbiosis with polycystine radiolarians. Journal of Phycology 50(2): 388-399. (2014).<\/li><li>Zagalsky P.F. y Herring P.J. Studies of the blue astaxanthin-proteins of <em>Velella velella <\/em>(coelenterata: chondrophora). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 279:289-326 (1977).<\/li><li>Zeman S.M. y col. Trophic ecology of the neustonic cnidarian Velella velella in the northern California Current during an extensive bloom year: insights from gut contents and stable isotope analysis. Mar Biol. 165:150. (2018).<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image de couverture : Unconventional Mermaid: Portuguese Man o\u2019 War. Auteure : MayContainBirdseed. Source : Deviantart. Traduit par Marc Long Au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;hiver, la nouvelle annon\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00e9chouage de milliers de \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9duses\u00a0\u00bb sur les plages galiciennes a fait \u00e9cho dans la presse et sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019\u00e9chouages de Velella velella mais aussi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[921,946,947,948],"class_list":["post-14559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","tag-echouages","tag-physalia","tag-velella-2","tag-zooxanthelles-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image de couverture : Unconventional Mermaid: Portuguese Man o\u2019 War. Auteure : MayContainBirdseed. Source : Deviantart. Traduit par Marc Long Au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;hiver, la nouvelle annon\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00e9chouage de milliers de \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9duses\u00a0\u00bb sur les plages galiciennes a fait \u00e9cho dans la presse et sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019\u00e9chouages de Velella velella mais aussi [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fitopasi\u00f3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2209\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Francisco Rodriguez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Francisco Rodriguez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Francisco Rodriguez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b4a4ea098e14f75e2660ed40410d5772\"},\"headline\":\"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\"},\"wordCount\":1821,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/03\\\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"\u00e9chouages\",\"Physalia\",\"Velella\",\"zooxanthelles\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Sin categorizar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\",\"name\":\"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/03\\\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/03\\\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/03\\\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg\",\"width\":1600,\"height\":2209},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\",\"name\":\"Fitopasi\u00f3n\",\"description\":\"El mundo de las microalgas\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#organization\",\"name\":\"Fitopasi\u00f3n\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/favicon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/favicon.jpg\",\"width\":742,\"height\":742,\"caption\":\"Fitopasi\u00f3n\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b4a4ea098e14f75e2660ed40410d5772\",\"name\":\"Francisco Rodriguez\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Francisco Rodriguez\"},\"description\":\"Investigador del Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda, en el Centro Oceanogr\u00e1fico de Vigo. La idea de este blog surgi\u00f3 a partir de mi trabajo con microalgas marinas. Muchas veces pensaba: \u00a1Qu\u00e9 interesante!, y qu\u00e9 pena !!, porque esta historia no la conocen m\u00e1s que unos pocos cient\u00edficos. No puede ser, yo se la quiero contar a m\u00e1s gente. Lo que no sab\u00eda era que yo mismo iba a aprender much\u00edsimas cosas que no hubiera imaginado sin esta iniciativa. As\u00ed que muchas gracias a todos los que le\u00e9is \u201cFitopasi\u00f3n\u201d, porque sin visitas ni lectores esto no tendr\u00eda raz\u00f3n de ser. Espero sinceramente que disfrut\u00e9is tanto, \u00f3 al menos una peque\u00f1a parte, de lo mucho que lo hago yo.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fitopasion.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/francisco-rodriguez\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n","og_description":"Image de couverture : Unconventional Mermaid: Portuguese Man o\u2019 War. Auteure : MayContainBirdseed. Source : Deviantart. Traduit par Marc Long Au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;hiver, la nouvelle annon\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00e9chouage de milliers de \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9duses\u00a0\u00bb sur les plages galiciennes a fait \u00e9cho dans la presse et sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019\u00e9chouages de Velella velella mais aussi [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html","og_site_name":"Fitopasi\u00f3n","article_published_time":"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":2209,"url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Francisco Rodriguez","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Francisco Rodriguez","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html"},"author":{"name":"Francisco Rodriguez","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#\/schema\/person\/b4a4ea098e14f75e2660ed40410d5772"},"headline":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella","datePublished":"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00","dateModified":"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html"},"wordCount":1821,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","keywords":["\u00e9chouages","Physalia","Velella","zooxanthelles"],"articleSection":["Sin categorizar"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html","url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html","name":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella - Fitopasi\u00f3n","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","datePublished":"2021-04-13T15:19:57+00:00","dateModified":"2021-08-09T12:25:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","width":1600,"height":2209},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/un-voilier-nomme-velella.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Un voilier nomm\u00e9 Velella"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#website","url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr","name":"Fitopasi\u00f3n","description":"El mundo de las microalgas","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#organization","name":"Fitopasi\u00f3n","url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/favicon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/favicon.jpg","width":742,"height":742,"caption":"Fitopasi\u00f3n"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr#\/schema\/person\/b4a4ea098e14f75e2660ed40410d5772","name":"Francisco Rodriguez","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0318abb1ba76dcec44670e093c0c7addfa54d4aae54338a68925cf8ebdb75b71?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Francisco Rodriguez"},"description":"Investigador del Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda, en el Centro Oceanogr\u00e1fico de Vigo. La idea de este blog surgi\u00f3 a partir de mi trabajo con microalgas marinas. Muchas veces pensaba: \u00a1Qu\u00e9 interesante!, y qu\u00e9 pena !!, porque esta historia no la conocen m\u00e1s que unos pocos cient\u00edficos. No puede ser, yo se la quiero contar a m\u00e1s gente. Lo que no sab\u00eda era que yo mismo iba a aprender much\u00edsimas cosas que no hubiera imaginado sin esta iniciativa. As\u00ed que muchas gracias a todos los que le\u00e9is \u201cFitopasi\u00f3n\u201d, porque sin visitas ni lectores esto no tendr\u00eda raz\u00f3n de ser. Espero sinceramente que disfrut\u00e9is tanto, \u00f3 al menos una peque\u00f1a parte, de lo mucho que lo hago yo.","sameAs":["https:\/\/fitopasion.com"],"url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/author\/francisco-rodriguez"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unconventional_mermaid__portuguese_man_o__war_by_maycontainbirdseed_debrvbc-fullview.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6IFqS-3MP","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14559"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17405,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14559\/revisions\/17405"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fitopasion.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}